Guidance

Existing UK trade agreements with non-EU countries

Find out about the trade agreements the UK has already signed and our discussions with countries the EU has a trade agreement with.

Trade agreements until 31 December 2020

The UK has left the EU. The Withdrawal Agreement sets out how the UK is able to continue to be covered by EU-third country trade agreements until 31 December 2020.

On this basis, EU trade agreements can continue to apply to the UK.

Where EU trade agreements apply, UK and EU content will continue to count toward the rules of origin requirements in EU trade agreements until 31 December 2020, in exactly the same way as now.

The EU has issued a notification to third countries outlining this approach.

If you are having problems trading during the transition period, please contact your local international trade adviser.

Trade agreements from 1 January 2021

After 31 December 2020, EU trade agreements will not apply to the UK.

The UK is seeking to reproduce the effects of existing EU agreements for when they no longer apply to the UK.

This will ensure continuity of trading arrangements for UK businesses.

If we do not reproduce the effects of an existing EU agreement, trade with other World Trade Organization (WTO) members will take place on WTO terms when EU trade agreements cease to apply to the UK.

Find out more about trading under WTO terms.

Trade agreements that have been signed

Agreements with the following countries and trading blocs are expected to take effect when existing EU trade agreements no longer apply to the UK, from 1 January 2021.

Country or bloc Total UK trade with countries, 2019 (£ million) (1)
Andean countries (2) 2,904
CARIFORUM trade bloc 3,243
Central America 1,441
Chile 2,148
Côte d’Ivoire 401
Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) trade bloc 1,626
Faroe Islands 295
Georgia 178
Iceland and Norway (3) 26,834
Israel 5,125
Jordan 534
Kenya (Agreement in principle) (4) 1,439
Kosovo 9
Lebanon 820
Liechtenstein 122
Morocco 2,472
Pacific states 178
Palestinian Authority 11
South Korea 11,659
Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique (SACUM) trade bloc 12,121
Switzerland 38,579
Tunisia 611
Ukraine 1,533

Notes

1) Source of trade statistics: ONS UK total trade: all countries, non-seasonally adjusted January to March 2020.

2) After 31 December 2020, it is expected an arrangement will be in place prior to this agreement taking effect.

3) The UK signed a trade agreement in goods with Iceland and Norway on the 2 April 2019. This agreement was signed to maintain continuity of trade and was part of preparations for a potential ‘no deal’ Brexit. It will not enter into force. The UK’s future relationship with these countries is influenced by their relationship with the EU, as they are EEA member states. We will continue to engage with Iceland and Norway to determine the most effective way of maintaining and strengthening trade with them beyond the transition period.

4) This agreement is open to accession by other members of East African Community.

Trade agreement with Japan

The UK has signed a free trade agreement with Japan.

The UK-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed on 23 October 2020. Find out more about this agreement.

Trade agreements still in discussion

The following agreements are still under discussion with countries where there are existing EU trade agreements in place.

If an agreement is not reached by 31 December 2020, trade with other WTO members will take place on WTO terms.

Country or bloc Status of discussions
Albania (Western Balkans) Engagement ongoing
Algeria Engagement ongoing
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Western Balkans) Engagement ongoing
Cameroon (Central Africa) Engagement ongoing
Canada Engagement ongoing
Egypt Engagement ongoing
Ghana (Western Africa) Engagement ongoing
Mexico Engagement ongoing
Moldova Engagement ongoing
Montenegro (Western Balkans) Engagement ongoing
North Macedonia (Western Balkans) Engagement ongoing
Serbia (Western Balkans) Engagement ongoing
Singapore Engagement ongoing
Turkey Engagement ongoing
Vietnam Engagement ongoing

Trade agreement discussions with countries in Customs Unions with the EU

Andorra, San Marino and Turkey are part of Customs Unions with the EU. The UK’s future trading relationship with these countries will be influenced by the agreement the UK reaches with the EU.

Mutual recognition agreements

A mutual recognition agreement (MRA) is one in which countries recognise the results of one another’s conformity assessments.

A conformity assessment is a set of processes that confirm whether a product meets the specified legal requirements. This can include testing, inspection, and certification.

The UK has signed MRAs that replicate the effect of existing EU arrangements. These are expected to take effect from 1 January 2021. The withdrawal agreement allows for the EU’s arrangements to continue to apply to the UK until then.

The UK has signed MRAs with:

MRA coverage in trade agreements

The UK’s trade agreement with Switzerland incorporates elements of the EU-Switzerland MRA.

The UK’s trade agreement with Israel covers conformity assessment of industrial products. This means that existing arrangements with Israel will continue after 31 December 2020.

The UK-Japan CEPA replicates the effects of the existing EU-Japan MRA.

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Published 29 January 2020
Last updated 3 November 2020 
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