Tourism, education and health-related travel services UK trade in tourism, education and health-related travel services 241.Of the sectors covered by this inquiry, only trade in travel services falls under WTO (GATS) mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’), whereby a consumer of services travels to the location of the service provider. While a traveller is defined as a […]
Category: Various Sectors
Professional Business Services
Professional business services Business services are the UK’s largest services export, accounting for 44% of all the UK’s trade in non-financial services. After financial services, they also provide the UK with its biggest trade surplus: global trade generated a surplus of £30 billion in 2015. The EU also remains a key trading partner. It is […]
Non-Financial Services II
Frameworks for trading non-financial services 38.Unlike trade in goods, trade in services is rarely directly affected by tariffs (the duties imposed on goods entering a country), but can be significantly affected by non-tariff barriers. Non-tariff barriers include restrictions on the ability of a service provider to establish itself or operate in a different country, and […]
Non-Financial Services
UK trade in non-financial services 15.The UK is a leading exporter of services globally, second only to the US.11 Services account for 44% of the UK’s total global exports, and the majority of services exports are in non-financial services (72%). As with goods, the EU remains a key trading partner and is the destination of […]
Air Services
Air services Air services in the UK 202.Air services are a key part of what the ONS defines as ‘transportation services’, namely services associated with the international movement of goods (forexample, freight shipping, road haulage and air cargo) and the international movement of people (through air passenger, road and rail services).277 Imports are transportation services […]
Digital Services
Digital services Digital services in the UK 126.The ONS measures trade in telecommunication, computer and information services, which includes trade in “computer, news agency and other information provision related service transactions”, and telecommunications services including the “broadcast or transmission of sound, images, data or other information.” In 2015, the UK had a sizeable surplus in […]
Creative
Creative services in the UK 164.The ONS collects data on two categories of creative services trade. The first is ‘intellectual property’—payments received for the use of trademarks, design rights, and copyrighted works, including music recordings, films and television programmes. The second category is ‘personal, cultural and recreational’, which measures services and fees associated with the […]
Broadcasting
Description of sector The broadcasting sector covers the production of audiovisual or audio (radio) content and its distribution, which is subject to the framework of regulation overseen by Ofcom (or, for TV stations based elsewhere in the European Economic Area (EEA), by another EEA regulator).5. This report primarily covers linear (or live) visual broadcasting services […]
Automotive
Description of Sector All major global vehicle manufacturers with plants in the UK are foreign owned. In general, the business model for volume vehicle producers is to use UK sites to supply the European market (with alternative sites in Asia and the Americas supplying those markets). Investment decisions and sourcing choices are often made from […]
Agriculture and Food
Manufacturing (including Catering, Retail and Wholesale) Sector Coverage 4. This paper covers market access and trade issues around forestry, retail, agricultural, animal and plant health, food and drink manufacturing and related biotech products. This includes: – Basic agricultural commodities (e.g. grain, milk); – Food (e.g. dairy, fish, processed products etc.); – Alcoholic beverages; – Animal […]
Environmental Services
Description of sector The water and waste sectors provide essential infrastructure and services to homes and businesses in the UK. The Current EU Regulatory Regime Summary European legislation plays a greater role in determining the shape and size of the waste market than in water. Regulations include: – those relating to activities that have a […]
Aviation
The current EU regulatory regime The EU aviation acquis establishes the rules which the UK has signed up to as a member of the EU internal aviation market. EU aviation rules govern three key areasand detail on these is set out below: – General internal market measures and external relations; – Safety – European Aviation […]
Electricity and Renewables
The current EU regulatory regime Main Sector-Specific Rules Governing the Provision of this Activity in the EU The IEM provides a technical framework for the transmission, distribution and efficient trading of electricity and gas; transparency to ensure fair access to others’ networks; a regulatory co-operation mechanism; and measures to ensure security of supply and deal […]
Fisheries UK Report
The Common Fisheries Policy UK fisheries are managed under the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). This provides for: – Shared access for EU vessels to all Member States’ waters, meaning other Member State vessels have access to UK waters and UK vessels have access to other Member State waters; – Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and quota […]
Gas
Description of sector This paper covers the wholesale gas market, the gas transmission and distribution networks and the retail market. The current EU regulatory regime Main sector-specific rules governing the provision of this activity in the EU The Internal Energy Market (IEM) provides a technical framework for the transmission, distribution and efficient trading of electricity […]
Insurance and Pensions
Description of sector Insurance business operates by firms writing insurance policies for clients,intermediated by brokers (which may include retail brokers and wholesale brokers and London Market brokers). Insurance firms in turn can pass on excess risk to reinsurance firms, via reinsurance brokers. Insurance underwriting requires large amounts of capital, so the industry tends to be dominated […]
Higher Education
The current EU regulatory regime The EU has very limited competence in the area of education policy; in particular, the provision and regulation of the HE sector (including access to student finance) is a matter for Member States. Higher education policy, including on student finance, is a devolved matter and so the systems and eligibility […]
Fintech
Description of the sector Financial Technology, or “FinTech” is not a sub-sector of financial services in the traditional sense of describing a particular activity or business model within the wider financial services market. Rather, it is a label applied to firms operating across a wide range of financial services sectors, which use new technology to […]
Parts and Machinery
Electronics and Machinery Sector Report This report covers both the Parts and Machinery sector and the Electronics and Electrical Sector. As defined these sectors combined contribute c. £28bn to UK GVA Parts and machinery ‘Parts and Machinery’ is used to describe a discrete subset of UK manufacturing (the manufacture, installation and repair of machinery and […]
Gambling
Description of sector In the Gambling Act 2005, gambling is defined as betting, gaming or participating in a lottery. The commercial gambling sector includes betting, arcades, casinos and bingo both land-based and online operators. Loteries can only be run for good causes and cannot be run for commercial or private gain. The current EU regulatory regime […]
Life Sciences
Description of sector This Sectoral Report reflects 3 of the 58 listed sectors; ‘Pharmaceuticals’, ‘MedicalDevices’ and ‘Life Sciences’. Life Sciences refers to the application of biology and technology to health improvement, including biopharmaceuticals, medical technology, genomics, diagnostics and digital health. This report does not cover all health related issues; issues relating to animal and plant health […]
Maritime and Ports
Description of sector As an island nation, the UK has been dependent on the sea for its trade and defence throughout history, and strong traditions of merchant seafaring can be traced back hundreds of years. The UK maritime sector is comprised of several distinct, but connected, sub-sectors spread across the country including: a large and […]
Medical and Social Care
Description of the sector The market provision of medical services includes the following three sub sectors: a. The ophthalmology sub-sector, which combines provision of medical services and retail alongside provision of services to the NHS. b. The dentistry sub-sector, which provides private medical services alongside NHS services, as well as cosmetic dentistry, which is not available […]
Nuclear
Description of Sector The UK has been a member of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) since joining the European Common Market in 1973. On 29 March 2017 the Prime Minister notified the European Commission that the UK would be leaving the European Union and consequently the Euratom Community. The Euratom Treaty, which covers civil nuclear […]
Oil Fuels
The Current EU Regulatory regime International rules and standards The International Energy Agency (IEA) works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries which include most EU Member States as well as 9 others (US, Japan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, Norway, Switzerland and Korea). Member countries must be members […]
Postal Sector
The current EU regulatory regime EU Postal Services legislation stipulates that basic postal user needs are met under a Universal Service Obligation (USO) which sets minimum standards to be guaranteed by Member States and more widely across the sector. The Postal Services Act 2011 sets minimum requirements for the UK postal service, which can only be changed […]
Rail
The current EU regulatory regime A range of EU directives and regulations apply to the rail sector; in particular, the four ‘Railway Packages’ of EU legislation, the latest of which – the 4th Railway Package – is dueto be transposed by Member States over the next few years. EU law sets out technical and safety […]
Retail
Description of sector Unless otherwise stated, retail in this context is defined as sales by retailers directly to end consumers, including spending on goods (in-store and online).This analysis does not cover the movement of materials imported for the goods to be sold, which is covered under consumer goods, food and drink and other sectoral reports. Retail […]
Retail and Corporate Banking
Retail and Corporate Banking Sector For the purpose of this analysis, banking is split into three functions: – Retail banking – individual/consumer deposit taking and lending; – Business/Corporate banking – including lending and other banking services offered to large businesses; and – Investment (or wholesale) banking – markets activity and other ancillary services. This paper looks […]
Road Haulage
Description of sector This report is focused upon road haulage and road passenger transport (buses and coaches), and also considers broader logistics impacts. Road Haulage Under the broad heading of road haulage there are many segments, each with their own operating model. Haulage companies range from large logistics companies through to operators with a single vehicle. […]
Space
Description of sector The global space economy market is valued at between £155 billion and £190 billion, and it is estimated to grow to £400 billion by 2030.1 The UK space sector has trebled in size in real terms since 2000 (see Figure 1). With a turnover of £13.7billion (2014/15), the UK currently captures between 6.3% […]
Steel and Commodities
Description of sector The steel sector consists of a wide range of activities, from primary steelmaking at large steel works through to the production of advanced steel-based components for specialised applications. It supplies key materials and components across the supply chain for many other sectors, including construction, automotive, energy, rail, defence, aerospace and packaging. European […]
Technology
Sector Overview The UK digital sector covers digital goods, digital services and digitally-enabled transactions of goods and services, whether digitally or physically delivered, involving consumers, business or government, all of which are underpinned by movement of data across borders. The digital sector includes: audio-visual (AV); e-commerce; telecommunications; data; and a raft of emerging sectors, such […]
Telecommunications
Sector Overview The availability of telecoms infrastructure underpins much of the economic and social activity in the UK and is considered by many to be of great importance (e.g. a broadband connection is now considered essential by most people) Electronic communications (telecoms) networks and services include fixed and wireless based communications such as broadband, voice […]
Tourism
Description of sector The UK’s ’s tourism industry consists of public and private sector organisations including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), international private businesses (e.g. airlines, large hotel chains) and Destination Management Organisations (DMOs, city or sub-regional bodies responsible for tourism product and promotion at a local and regional level). They are funded by a […]
Wholesale Capital Markets
Description of the sector “Wholesale capital markets” covers a wide range of capital market linked activity. The subsector includes, in particular, many of the services traditionally associated with investment banks, such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan. It also includes banking activity carried out by more diversified market actors such as Barclays and HSBC. Beyond […]
Real Estate
Description of sector The real estate sector covers the buying, selling and management of property. We have used for this sectoral assessment the international definition of real estate in the SIC (2007) codes, which breaks down real estate into the following (see Annex A fora more detailed breakdown): a. 68.1 Buying and selling of own […]
Culture & Creative
Description of sector The Government defines the Creative Industries as ‘those industries which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have the potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property.’1 The Creative Industries sector comprises nine sub-sectors: – Advertising and marketing; – Architecture; – Crafts; […]
Construction
Description of sector In order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sector, a wide definition of the construction sector is used, including construction products and services. This will create some overlaps with other sectors (e.g. on products there will be overlaps with manufacturing sectors while construction services will overlap with Professional and Business Services). […]
Audio Visual
Description of Sector The broadcasting sector covers the production of audiovisual or audio (radio) content and its distribution, which is subject to the framework of regulation overseen by Ofcom (or, for TV stations based elsewhere in the European Economic Area (EEA), by another EEA regulator). This report primarily covers linear (or live) visual broadcasting services […]
Consumer Goods
Description of sector “Consumer goods” is a collection of goods categories (drawn from ONS 2-digit Standard Industry Classification codes) that do not neatly fit into other sectors.Defined in this way, consumer goods represent a relatively small contribution to the national economy, both in terms of value added and employment. However, in many local areas, the […]
Payment Services
Description of the Sector Payment systems and services provide the means by which funds are transferred electronically between payers and payees – as such they are a vital element of the domestic and international economic system.Payment systems are the plumbing of the financial system. Each one consists of a set of rules and procedures that […]
Professional Services
The current EU regulatory regime PBS sectors are generally regulated at domestic level, rather than at EU level. The EU Single Market therefore generally serves to remove barriers to trade in services that could otherwise be introduced by domestic rules, including discriminatory prohibitions, disproportionate regulation, and barriers to the free movement of persons providing and […]
Chemicals
Description of sector The UK chemicals sector is highly diverse, including the manufacture of commodity/bulk chemicals, speciality chemicals, polymers (plastics) and consumer chemicals (e.g. personal care and cleaning products). It is principally comprised of approximately 2,500 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and microbusinesses (employing less than 250 people); these make up 97 per cent of […]
Aerospace
Sectoral issues The aerospace sector includes the design, manufacture and in-service support (maintenance, repair, overhaul (MRO)) of civil aircraft – from original equipment manufacturers (OEMS or Primes) who design and assemble aircraft and key elements such as engines, to lower-tier component, sub-component and equipment suppliers. Much of the regulation in this sector is either […]
UK Commons Committee Services Impacy
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UK Common Committee Automotive Impact
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UK Commons Committee Aerospace Impact
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Retail Sector Guidance
Guidance The retail sector and preparing for EU Exit If the UK leaves the EU without a deal, there may be changes that affect your business. Published 1 February 2019 From: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Contents Importing and exporting Regulations and standards Your employees Personal data Trade associations It’s important that your […]
Chemical Sector Guidance
The chemicals sector and preparing for EU Exit If the UK leaves the EU without a deal, and you are a company that makes, supplies or uses chemicals, there may be changes that affect your business. Published 13 February 2019 From: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Contents Importing and exporting Regulation and standards […]
Electronic & Machinery Sector Guidance
The electronics, machinery and parts sector and preparing for EU Exit If the UK leaves the EU without a deal, there may be changes that affect your business. Published 13 February 2019 From: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Contents Importing and exporting Regulation and standards Your employees Trade associations Your business may need […]
Steel and Metal Manufacturing Guidance
Steel and other metal manufacturing and preparing for EU Exit If the UK leaves the EU without a deal, there may be changes that affect your business. Published 20 February 2019 From: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Contents Importing and exporting Trade remedies Energy and climate Your employees Trade associations Your business may […]
Non-Metal Manufacturing Guidance
Non-metal manufacturing and preparing for EU Exit If the UK leaves the EU without a deal, there may be changes that affect your business. Published 25 February 2019 From: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Contents Importing and exporting Your employees Travelling to the EU Regulation and standards Trade associations Your business may need […]
UK Lords Committee Chemicals Regulation
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Construction UK Parliament
Important Notice- See the Disclaimer Below Brexit Legal, McMahon Legal and Paul McMahon have no liability arising from reliance on anything contained in this article nor on this website
Betting Duty 2021 UK Guidance
Guidance General Betting Duty, Pool Betting Duty and Remote Gaming Duty from 1 January 2021 Find out if you have to pay, when and how to register, the rates, how to fill in returns and make payments. Published 10 December 2020 From: HM Revenue & Customs New rules for January 2021 The UK has left […]