Category: Types of Relationship

Main Possibilities The four main possibilities are A hard Brexit with immediate customs duties, costs, widespread chaos and disruption across all UK related trade with unpredictable knock-on effects happening on 31 October 2019 (may also apply to new exit date on 31 December 2020) or after some further postponement A Withdrawal Agreement by which everything remains the same at least the end of 2020 very possibly […]

Overview Still the default option Both under EU and UK law Due to take effect on 31st December 2020 Parliament seems opposed EU seems determined to avoid Involves a sudden big bang one time changes Numerous laws and trading rules change overnight Immediate customs duties Immediate customs processes and obligations Immediate regulatory controls Immediate cessation […]

Overview The UK may unilaterally withdraw the notice to leave The UK remains in the EU All laws remain the same Preserves all existing trade agreements Political implications Legitimacy issues A second referendum likely to be necessary Likely continuing debate about the relationship Since 1st February 2020, revocation is no longer posible. The UK has […]

Overview Withdrawal Agreement approved by EU &  UK Government Rejected by Parliament three times and PM May resigned WA or variant may be ratified No deal Brexit on 31 October 2019 (may also apply to new exit date on 31 December 2020) unless agreement or extension Deals only with Money, People, Transition and Backstop Accompanied by Political Declaration about Future Relationship Agreement on UK Financial Contribution to […]

Overview Contained in the unapproved Withdrawal Agreement Agreed by the EU and the UK Government Withdrawal Agreement rejected three times by Parliament A variant of it may be agreed Applies if future EU UK Agreement does not avoid NI hard border Applies if no EU UK Agreement at end Transition Period 2020 (+?) EU and […]

Overview The Labour Party policy No customs duties, customs controls nor origin checks Limited scope to enter trade agreements with third countries Greater power to regulate economic activity Level playing field rules/regulatory alignment No / very limited single market protections Broad cooperation in important fields Limited freedom to provide services Facilitation of digital services This […]

Overview Back to 1992 (more or less) Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein status Plus customs union No customs duties No declarations of origin or customs control No/ very limited freedom to enter trade agreements The UK largely a rule-taker of many trade rules Free movement of goods Free movement workers (plus other categories?) Free movement of […]

Overview; Membership of the EEA Same relationship as Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein No customs duties on most goods Some Customs cooperation Declarations required for exports and imports UK freedom to enter trade agreements with third countries More extensive trade agreements v less EU alignment/harmonisation The UK becomes a rule-taker for many trade rules No / […]

Overview The UK Government’s preferred option Reflected in the EU UK future relationship declaration No customs duties on most goods Customs cooperation but declarations required on exports and imports Certificates of origin requirements Some regulatory checks The UK free to enter trade agreements with third countries – Higher alignment with the EU = reduced scope […]

Trading under WTO rulesThe UK has left the EU This page tells you what you’ll need to do from 1 January 2021. It’ll be updated if anything changes. For current information, read: exporting and doing business abroad importing into the UK You can also read about the transition period. Contents Existing trading arrangements How your business […]